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ADHD and Anxiety Medication People suffering from ADHD typically suffer from co-occurring anxiety disorders. Anxiety can trigger irritation, restlessness, and difficulty sleeping. Stimulant medication can help ease these symptoms, but they can also result in side effects like tics and minor growth reduction in adolescents and children. In addition, some individuals find their anxiety worsens when taking stimulant medications. Stimulants Stimulants are used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. They are available in the form of capsules, tablets or chunky crystals. They are also available in brown or white dust. The use of large doses can result in excessive stimulation, resulting in anxiety and stomach cramps, panic as well as paranoia and aggression. Long-term use of stimulants may also lead to addiction and serious side effects such as heart problems as well as high blood pressure and stroke. These medications are also proven to relieve anxiety symptoms. They are effective by boosting brain chemical like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. These are lower in ADHD patients. This boosts activity and communication between parts of the brain that regulate executive and attention. This results in increased impulse control and anxiety symptoms are reduced. Studies have demonstrated that both atomoxetine and the methylphenidate reduce anxiety symptoms in adults with ADHD and other anxiety disorders. Both treatments have shown improvement in anxiety symptoms from the very first week of treatment. The benefit was evident for eight weeks. It is important to remember that the type medication that will be most effective in treating anxiety and ADHD symptoms co-occurring may depend on which condition has more impact on the quality of life of an individual. For example, an individual might experience a lot of anxiety-inducing episodes on a regular basis when they have to schedule appointments or to stay on top of their work or school. These can be distressing and can cause anxiety more frequently than the symptoms of a panic attack or fear. In these instances, it might be best to treat anxiety-related symptoms with antidepressants or SSRIs which have been proven effective in decreasing anxiety levels in adults. These are usually taken orally and can take a bit longer to work, but the most commonly used options are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Sertraline and Fluoxetine, as well as serotonin and norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as venlafaxine and duloxetine. They can be used as a supplement to cognitive-behavioral treatment for anxiety and are particularly useful if the patient experiences a racing heart or elevated blood pressure. SSRIs SSRIs are antidepressant drugs, are often used to treat anxiety disorders. Prozac is the first drug of this group, is fluoxetine. The SSRIs are also effective in treating post-traumatic disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. These medications are more adaptable and have fewer side effects than previous generations of antidepressants. The SSRIs work by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin at synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter remain active in the synapse, and to signal the post-synaptic cell more times than would otherwise occur. This can boost the output of norepinephrine which reduces anxiety symptoms. It can also increase the levels of neuronal cyclicAMP (cAMP) and stimulate protein synthesis. Additionally, SSRIs can decrease impulsiveness and reduce hyperactivity. They also can improve sleep quality and decrease agitation in people with ADHD. However, these drugs may increase the risk of suicidal ideas and behavior in certain individuals. They can also increase appetite and weight gain at the beginning of treatment. Another kind of antidepressant, called SNRIs, works differently than the SSRIs. adhd anxiety medication stop the reuptake both serotonin and norepinephrine. They can also have an impact on anxiety. They can improve the functioning of both the heart muscle and blood vessels. This can help reduce feelings like anxiety and stress. Some adults with bipolar disorder also benefit from their use. The most commonly used SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR) and desvenlafaxine (Khedezla, Pristiq). SNRIs may cause blood pressure to rise in certain individuals, so those who suffer from high blood pressure or cardiovascular disease should avoid taking them. There are many treatment options for anxiety and ADHD that can be utilized in addition to medication. Meditation and mindfulness techniques can reduce anxiety and stress. Some people find tapping on specific body parts or techniques for emotional freedom can help lower cortisol levels, the hormone that causes anxiety. Diet and exercise can also reduce anxiety. Your doctor can suggest eating whole grains, fruits and vegetables and avoid sugar, which can worsen anxiety in certain ADHD adults and children. Non-stimulant-based medications While stimulants are very effective in treating ADHD and have been studied extensively however they are not the best option for those with anxiety disorders and ADHD. Stimulant medications may cause adverse effects such as jitteriness, rapid heart rate and nervousness that could resemble or exacerbate anxiety symptoms. Non-stimulant medications are a more recent option that has been used to treat ADHD since 2002 (under the brand name Strattera). They do not increase blood pressure or heart rate and are less likely to suffer anxiety-related adverse effects like shaking, sweating or nervousness. Atomoxetine targets receptors for the brain chemical norepinephrine. It can aid in improving concentration and reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. Studies have also shown that it is effective in reducing anxiety symptoms in adolescents and children with ADHD. Researchers gathered articles on clinical research from PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO to determine if atomoxetine improved anxiety in adolescents and children with ADHD. Another medication that is effective in treating anxiety symptoms is bupropion, which is a drug that targets the brain chemical dopamine. Bupropion is typically prescribed to people who have ADHD and depression. It can also boost mood and decrease symptoms of anxiety. It is usually a good idea to try and address the root causes of anxiety prior to treating the ADHD since it can reduce anxiety symptoms. It is very common for kids with ADHD to experience issues with anxiety, and in a few cases the anxiety is actually caused by their ADHD symptoms. Psychostimulants and cognitive-behavioral treatments are typically the most effective methods to treat anxiety in this type of situation. These treatments can reduce ADHD symptoms and anxiety by addressing the root causes of the problem. Antidepressants are also frequently prescribed to those suffering from co-existing ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants, which target the brain chemical serotonin can aid in reducing anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft Lexapro and Sertraline. Your doctor will ultimately decide what medication is best for you. Before recommending a medication, they will take into consideration your symptoms, lifestyle and age, along with other health conditions. It is crucial to discuss with your doctor your goals for treatment and adhere to a regular schedule while taking any medication. Other options Other options for treatment may be beneficial to manage ADHD or anxiety, depending on your health goals. These include mindfulness meditation and yoga (Emotional Freedom techniques), tapping and sleeping and nutrition, exercise and healthy eating habits. Dr. Hallowell says that people who suffer from anxiety are more likely to develop symptoms of ADHD, which makes it difficult to treat both conditions at the same time. He prescribes stimulants to treat ADHD first, and then non-stimulant medications such as bupropion or atomoxetine for anxiety disorders. These medications are used throughout the day and are not controlled substances as stimulants.